of Steel and Bone

[Image: Photo: Aijaz Rahi/Associated Press, New York Times, 2008.]

Spotted a powerful image in the New York Times the other day. Intriguing to me is this anonymous chain of arms and hands seeping through the fence, a fence equally anonymous, and a scene that perhaps could be found dispatched at so many different coordinates around the world.
It may not be intentional, but the way the photo reduces humanity to a random assembly of arms and hands detached from any bodies casts an effective portrayal of how refugees and migrants are perceived and treated by national governments in the current geopolitical climate. As if the detained, or even those just enclosed – more so, those who have been disenfranchised – aren’t even seen as full bodied human beings, but as an excess of ‘othered’ limbs seeking to worm their way past the wrought iron gates, resting their tired elbows and emptied hands before recocking them towards some sort of handout. I wonder, though, if this image of bare-knuckled laborers provides an accurate critique of how the media distorts representations of the world’s excluded populations, or whether it is merely another dehumanizing consequence of the media?
Either way, I find something subtly revolutionary in this photo – a suggestion that fences alone wont stop the power of unwanteds or completely shun them out from finding their spaces in or through the gaps. There is a solidarity in these arms lurking below the depiction of the fence as being able to hold back a mob, that symbolizes how – not only is the border fence itself forged equally of bone and steel – but the human connections interwoven in the border are far more powerful than any bolted or welded barricade. To not see this human side is to accept then that the humanity in this photo is simply just another piece of the fence itself, as if body parts are an acceptable supplemental materiality in the composition of the barrier.
Of course, I am reading too much into this, or just trying to.
But, one might wonder from this image if the barricade is held in place by itself or by the anonymous set of hands holding onto it. While it may be defense contractors who are responsible for building these fences along the border, is it the hands of the laborers themselves who actually keep the fence in place? Is this irony brought into light by the photo? Could it be that border fences are not only made to prevent the flow of illegal migrant workers, but they are also made and preserved by them? Remember the stories of the Palestinian workers who built massive sections of the Israeli separation wall in the West Bank, and the San Diego fence company who was busted for employing illegal migrant workers to install a portion of the fence on the Mexican border? Are the migrants being forced to sell out their freedom to movement by building the obstructions to their own betterment on the other side? Is this photo suggesting that the fence builders and the migrants are somehow both responsible for propping up these types of walls?
From the photo alone we really have little idea of what the circumstances are: a refugee camp, a border fence, a prison…? Regardless, it is curious how the hands themselves are what seem to be witnessing the event taking place on the other side, as if the hands are the looking glasses of the poor. I get the feeling at any moment these same hands are going to not only grab the fence but rip it down, and that for every barrier that stands upright across the landscape of global migration, there is a set of arms or forceful fingers, waiting to test its strength in the ground. Looking at this image I sense that despite the fence the arms of the global south aren’t waiting or reaching for hand outs (as the media might have us believe) but striving for the right to their own opportunity, and with their own presence and equal determination to those who seek to block them will somehow manage to get through.

Peripheral Milit_Urb 24

WebUrbanist » Creatively Converted Sea Forts of Great Britain: Strange Adaptive Reuse of Military Architecture // Pruned: Boullée in North Dakota // Heavy Load-Exerting Concrete Body and Other Structural Near-Analogues // Dos personas en el centro de Sevilla


MIDEAST

Baghdad in the sun ...

Iraqis see red as U.S. opens world's biggest embassy // Months-delayed U.S. Embassy ready in Baghdad // New embassy in Iraq short on beds // Iraq: Shiites Hit Green Zone with Rockets, Mortars // Amusement Park Planned for Baghdad // Tourist Mecca? U.S. Dreams for Baghdad // Golfing Baghdad's Green Zone: a course with real bunkers

"Kurdistan Gas City" // 'They're in Good Hands': Inside the Hospitial at Iraq's Balad Air Base // U.S. Army to Baghdadis: Do you really live here? // Dyncorp Used Armored Car To Transport Prostitutes in Iraq // EXCLUSIVE...In Their First Joint Interview, Two Ex-KBR Employees Say They Were // Raped by Co-Workers in Iraq // Contractors Gone Wild // Where Time Stops

"Soon, the US will need a Secretary of Walls and Fences." // Fortress America // Welcome to the Age of Homeland Insecurity // In Sadr City, Basic Services Are Faltering // Jeremy Scahill Confronts BlackWater Honchos // 28 km bridge to link Africa and Middle East


INSIDE THE DANGER ROOM

Syrian Nuke Site Disguised as Byzantine Fortress? // Somali Pirate Map Found! // Somali Pirates At It Again (Updated) // Pirate Whack-a-Mole on the High Seas // Taliban Targets Roads // $190 Billion for "Modular Army" // NYC Is Getting a New High-Tech Defense Perimeter. Let's Hope It Works // The Pentagon is Everywhere // Olympic-Torch Security Troops Block Everest Bloggers' Climb // Navy Wants to Militarize Bioluminescence // NSA Attacks West Point! Relax, It's a Cyberwar Game // Sat Photos Reveal // China's Nuke Missile Sites // Iraqi Extremists Claim Killer Drone Takeover // Video: Night Vision Goggles, Very Useful


SURVEILLATOPIA

Chicago sleepwalks into the surveillance society with "intelligent" networked cameras // New security camera can 'see' through clothes // Airports in NYC, L.A. begin using revealing body scanners // First-Class Privilege - Airport Security// Band "shoots" video by sending Data Protection Act requests to CCTVs that caught them performing // Graffiti artist Banksy pulls off most audacious stunt to date - despite being watched by CCTV // Mapping post-election violence in Zimbabwe // Administration Set to Use New Spy Program in US // Do satellite photos show Iran ballistic missile facility?



Jane’s Reveals China’s New Nuclear Naval Base Through Satellite Photograph Analysis // China's Underground Submarine Base Scrutinized // 'Secret' Chinese Submarine Base on Hainan Island

Art works blow new life into Berlin bunker // Pole transforms Nazis' giant Berlin bunker into a gallery of modern art // Chechnya’s Capital Rises From the Ashes, Atop Hidden Horrors // Homo Ludens Ludens - Art of War - we make money not art // Book review - Verb Crisis // Strategic Command (StratCom) in Context: The Hidden Architecture of U.S. Militarism // The Spatial Dynamics of COIN // Civil War buffs couldn't see history for the trees // A Disney Resort for the Military, Shades of Green // Facts about unsual apects of NORAD // How to build a business in a nuclear bunker // old English bomber control panels // Fort Huachuca to get wind-power plant // Can Deep Green help a combat commander? // Server site designed to keep outsiders at bay // More Acoustic Locators « KuiperCliff // Urban security goes high-end // COLORADO STATE ENGINEERS IMPROVE RADAR FOR MILITARY TO USE IN URBAN AREAS // To Catch a Car Thief, the Police Exercise a Little Remote Control // Armed to kill in national parks? // Living with the Americana at Brand // Designing out terror - Building // New US Embassy in Berlin Triggers Architecture Debate// Military construction gigs gain allure // INTEGRITY « LEBBEUS WOODS

[Earlier peripherals ... 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23]

The Vertical Stage of War

[Image: The wall in Sadr City, Iraq, via AFP - Sadr vows to honour deal to end Baghdad bloodshed.]

Well, as this was the least bit difficult to predict, the Sadr Wall, despite a truce that was called between American/Iraqi forces and Shiite militias days ago, has become the stage for a perpetual war now – a war over the wall, as the New York Times simply puts it.
Of course this was hardly unseen as the likely outcome. After all, what else do these types of massive blast wall installations serve in the end but vertical stages for war?
In order to try and create a safety zone in the southern sector of the Shiite enclave, American forces have been building for the last month a divisive concrete wall across Sadr City, working its way East to West, which, according to the Times, is roughly three miles long now and eighty percent complete.


[Image: Trying to Carve Out a Safe Zone, graphic of American attempt to create a safety enclave in the Shiite sector of Sadr City, via the New York Times. Click to enlarge.]

But, the Sadr Wall is far from safe as a permanent structure. Shiite groups have been attacking it relentlessly, blasting holes through it, wiring chunks of it with explosive booby traps, turning the wall into a magnet for specialized roadside bombs, and literally using trucks to tear portions of it apart. Beyond that, the warfare between Iraqi and American miitary forces with the Shiites has led to the complete annihilation of nearby buildings, Shiite attack positions, while streets have been churned over by missiles, tank and mortar fire -- essentially, the city of Sadr is being gutted, disemboweled for the sake of this crude medieval wall, that seems far from providing anything other than fodder for endless war.
To think, a city could be ruined by a single Wall. It's certainly not a new concept, but one that has been around so long you would think new concepts might be explored at this point in history.


[Image: U.S. military hits a wall in Sadr City, LA Times.]

Anyway, I don't know, there is just something so rudimentary about a wall, the clashing dynamics of a wall, the basic border politics of a wall. It's like the most ancient ingredient for conflict in the book.
So, how long will this last, how long will the wall stand? What will be expended to keep it standing, what will be the final cost of that, in concrete, in human life? In some ways, the strategy of the wall seems much like the strategy of Iraq itself. It was a way to draw the fight to a specific location, thereby, in a chaotic sort of way, controlling its geography. Though the stated purpose of the Sadr Wall is to create a safe haven, of course everyone knew it was going to in the end facilitate full scale conflict there. Maybe safety zones are less the intent than using the wall as a magnet for fighting instead, creating safety zones elsewhere in the process?
Who knows, I have no idea what I'm talking about. I'm hardly a military strategist. But maybe the area of the wall seems to be achieving what the Americans had hoped, not a safety zone but rather a new battlefield drawn into the light.

Just Another British Torture Sanctuary?

[Image: An aerial photograph of Rawalpindi showing the interrogation centre. Photograph: Getty Images, via The Guardian.]

Well, it looks like we have another clandestine room to file away in the emerging architecture of the War on Terror’s pantheonic library of secret military spaces. A few days ago the Guardian reported that a secret interrogation center had been discovered in Pakistan, specifically in the Saddar district of Rawalpindi. The site, unsurprisingly, is “surrounded by high walls and watchtowers,” and “bristl(es) with surveillance cameras.” It is, however, notorious enough that so far local photographers have not dared to take any photos of it.
The site is run by the country's Inter-Services Intelligence agency (ISI) who has been accused of meddling in foreign affairs with Afghanistan through its own connections with terrorist groups there.
Interestingly enough, this site has come to light as a depot for British terrorism suspects, not Arab suspects, who allege they were tortured there after UK authorities had them arrested.
It’s been brewing in the British media for months, British terrorist suspects claiming they've been abused in this Pakistan detention facility while British military and other UK officials had previously interviewed them and merely stood by. Detainees who have since been released from this place claim that M15 agents (the UK’s national security service) “instigated the torture of British citizens or, at very least, turned a blind eye to their mistreatment.”


[Image: The London headquarters of MI5. Photograph: Frank Baron, via The Guardian.>]

So, which intelligence agency are we accusing of what, exactly?
Regarding the facility itself, one of the released suspects said this:

(He) “was one of several prisoners kept in an underground block of 10 small cells, each with a mattress and a pillow. The torture, he says, took place nearby in a carpeted room with bright overhead lights, a table, several chairs and a small wooden stool where prisoners were expected to sit. In one corner of the room was a camera. He says that sometimes he would be hooded and driven for 20 minutes to meet two MI5 officers; on other occasions they would question him in the room where he had been tortured.”

However, another equally curious and nefarious dimension to the cloaks of secrecy surrounding this site is how the British Foreign Office has responded to questions about their role in the interrogations taking place there, and how it's assumed that with the M15’s presence there they certainly must have known British citizens were being tortured.

Asked about this failure, the Foreign Office said it could not act for British citizens of joint British-Pakistani nationality, as the authorities in Islamabad regarded them as being only Pakistani.

Ali Dayan Hasan, the south Asia researcher for Human Rights Watch, said: "I find it worrying that the British high commission has sought refuge behind the dual citizenship clause when it knows that the detainee's life may be in danger and that the detention is illegal under Pakistani, British and international law."

So, the Pakistani interrogation center, in conjunction with this dual nationality technicality, becomes a sanctuary for British authorities to deny accountability and to essentially shield themselves from any ethical responsibility of their own. It’s just totally fascinating to me how a given site could serve this dual purpose. On one hand, acting as a literal space of torture, while on the other as a kind of abstract political shelter for an insidious observant form of indirect participation in torture. I wonder, which came first: the facility, the M15's presence, and then the dual nationality card, or was this political shielding first determined and then used to open up a way for the UK's involvement in these arrests and interrogations?

Anyway, more on all of this here:

MI5 agents and torture abroad
MI5 accused of colluding in torture of terrorist suspects
Torture Space: Architecture in Black

where truces and cease fires grow on trees…

[Image: Former 'Inner German Border' Provides Haven for Wildlife, Spiegel, May 13, 2008.]

While the "inner German border” that once divided East and West Germany decades ago, stretching 879 miles from the Baltic Sea to the Czech Republic, was a tangled jungle of barbed wire, landmines, booby traps and soldier patrols, it was also, much like the Korean DMZ, a kind of sanctuary for considerable wildlife.
When the Berlin Wall fell German environmentalists fought to protect the long line of no-man’s-land as a Green Belt, connecting it with Europe’s larger green belt that has followed the path of the Iron Curtain from the north of Finland south to the Adriatic Sea.


[Image: Former 'Inner German Border' Provides Haven for Wildlife, Spiegel, May 13, 2008.]

Up until now the German Green Belt has had very little legal protection, and while it still has a long ways to go, Spiegel reports that the groundwork for a new agreement between the federal Government and the local German states which directly assume responsibility for the Green Belt have reached some form of legal outlines for its protection. Currently, only a third of the natural corridor is designated a nature conservation area, but that could soon be increased. The Green Belt itself though is of great interest.

The no-man's-land that emerged, ranging from 60 to 200 meters wide, provided the ideal conditions for the flourishing of flora and fauna. Up to 600 endangered species, including the black stork and the lady's slipper orchid, thrived in this unusual terrain.

What has made this green corridor remarkable is the interlocking of over 100 types of biotopes, including forests, fens and meadows. Hubert Weiger, president of BUND, told the Süddeutsche Zeitung on Tuesday that "in other places species become extinct because their habitats shrink to islands due urban sprawl." According to Geidezis this is unique in Central Europe. "You don't find these connecting biotopes in Europe any more. Most have been split up, preventing animals from traveling from place to place."

I will leave you to go read about the details of the legal proceedings that aim to protect the Green Belt. I am more curious about what perhaps it could symbolize in a heightened era of protracted border security.
What if somehow in a great show of geopolitical magic all of the border fences, boundary walls and separation barriers that callous the world’s neighborly skin suddenly vanished? Miles of scrappy national security architecture just dissolved in a great disappearing act leaving only trails of dirt behind on its barren stage. And then, over the course of a few years, filling in these tracts of severed farms and semi-conquered wetlands, of annexed soils and halved rural pasturtopias, new post-conflict species of borderzone flora and fauna colored in the rugged footprints with epic flourishes of greenery.
Forgive me for sounding ridiculously hippie dippie here, but imagine the borders of the future bound in bloom instead of barricade; crossings blended by mossy sutures rather than surgical fences and political non-futures.



Suppose these old curvilinear scars of border space could be remade into the world’s longest and narrowest public parks project. Bi-national teams of landscape architects and horticulturalists are organized from both sides of all the old fences. Each region designs its own celestial garden corridor -- a strip garden in a long line of international strip gardens -- that turns the remnant jetties of border conflict into opulent open air greenhouses shared and protected by joint nations. Local cross-border communities would maintain them. Dignitaries from all over the world would hail them as these long lush paths to political healing, while travelers and ecologists would wander down the rolling green carpets siphoning unsmelled fragrances through their nostrils and basking in the Eden like experience of post-militarized botanical reverie. The border grown into the geography of a dispersed global ecological refuge. Stitching nations together with enclaves of freshly oxygenated public space these elongated nature preserves would help to spawn innovative conservation policy, allow new species to emerge, and even old ones to re-emerge. Call them peace parks, green belts, border gardens, whatever, Subtopia will surely be there enjoying an eternal picnic under those canopies where truces and cease fires grow on trees.

The Rise and Fall of Blackwater in Potrero

[A follow up to Alternate Focus's documentary on Blackwater's plan to move into Potrero, California, five miles from Tecate, Mexico, to build a "gun sportsman's paradise", before meeting local resistance and finally packing it up. Part 1 back here. Now, keep your eyes on Otay Mesa. (Well done Andy!)]

Blackwater bubbling under the border skin...

[Image: Blackwater Otay, via Raymond Lutz / Citizens Oversight.]

Well, just when you thought Blackwater USA had pulled up stakes in SoCal, news breaks that the private military contracting firm is allegedly setting up a very private little shop just three blocks away from the US-Mexican border, this time in Otay Mesa. Yes, sir. Real sneaky-like, too.
Amy Goodman ran an enlightening interview with Raymond Lutz (responsible for stopblackwater.net and Citizens Oversight, and an important voice in heading off the Potrero shooting range), and California’s Rep. Bob Filner.


[Image: Blackwater Otay, via Raymond Lutz / Citizens Oversight.]

Apparently, she says “Blackwater received approval for the 61,000 square-foot indoor facility in Otay Mesa, California, by filing for permits using the names of two subsidiaries. It was only last week when San Diego officials learned Blackwater was behind the project.”
Lutz tells us that while the bands were out rallying months ago loudly against Blackwater West in Potrero the firm was quietly “in the process of filing these permits under the names Raven Development and Southwest Law Enforcement”, understood to be “under a shell company out in Puerto Rico.”


[Image: Blackwater Otay, via Raymond Lutz / Citizens Oversight.]

He brings us some pics of the site and says he “drove down to check it out,” and indeed “could see the ventilation equipment out the back of the building, which is apparently necessary for the indoor shooting range that they’re intending to put in.”
I will leave you to read the rest – and do it. While Blackwater is listing this as a vocational school, it seems to be more and more obvious that not only is it a shooting range with possible pollution consequences of its own, but perhaps there are other just as secret political and profiteering consequences to uncover, not to mention the foul symbolic messaging of this project as well.


[Image: Blackwater Otay, via Raymond Lutz / Citizens Oversight.]

As if the border fencing, the surveillance, the drones, the national guard, P-28, and all the other informal militarizations of the border already isn’t enough to be staging it as some sort of future warzone, throw in the presence of a Blackwater and now what are we all supposed to believe? Can you spell border-industrial-complex? How will Blackwater engage the border? What role will they cement for themselves down there? Will they work with the Border Patrol? Will they take over certain responsibilities of the Border Patrol? Will Blackwater take it upon themselves to start “securing the border”? Shouldn’t we be wary of companies like this even adding themselves to the complex archeology of border politics down there at all? And what kind of message does it send to the communities there, on both sides of the fence – that their neighborhood is an ideal spot for secret warfare training? It is so obvious Blackwater wants their own little piece of the border pie, a presence there, but why? Why does it seem they are so aggressive about camping out along the fence? What government contracts for border security are they fishing for, or do they already have? What are the spatial politics to unravel here? Whose real estate is this, really? What other companies are also behind this? Is the site a strategic location for something other than just Blackwater? How involved is the hand of American politics, who specifically? I wonder what if anything we would find if we were to peel the roof off this place?

(Thanks Jav for the tip!)

The Storefront is getting a little 'military urbanism' makeover

[Image: (G)host in the (S)hell, by Didier Fiuza Faustino, an exhibition at the Storefront for Art and Architecture in NYC, May 13th, 2008.]

I’ve always loved how the Storefront for Art and Architecture looks like a subtle inner-city bunker right there in Soho, and how transformative it is by both day and night when it all zips up and innocuously reabsorbs itself into the veneer of the sidewalk corner space again. My dream home functions like this, too!
An upcoming installation at the gallery instantly makes me realize how intensely I miss New York City (in fact, I’m dying – dying – to get back there), namely because the only real time I spent there thus far was for Postopolis! where Joseph put me under a wicked spell that I hope never releases me from its urban grip. All I can say now is – I sure do miss that city, the Storefront, and just hanging out with everyone there. Man! It’s ridiculous I have not been out there since. It’s hellish, actually.
Anyhow, the gallery has got something cooking that is right up our alley, and if I were in any better traveling shape I’d find a way out there for all possible reasons. (Note to self: Get to NYC by year end or, or else…).
Pushing the physical and philosophical boundaries that have made the Storefront what it is for years, with its perforated façade and radical reflections on spatial practice, French artist and architect Didier Fiuza Faustino on May 13th will hijack the space and bound it in his own bordery intervention that he’s calling the (G)host in the (S)hell.


[Image: (G)host in the (S)hell, by Didier Fiuza Faustino, an exhibition at the Storefront for Art and Architecture in NYC, May 13th, 2008.]

Check it out: The plan is to engage “the gallery’s iconic swinging panel doors” with a “galvanized steel chain-link fence” and challenge “the façade’s role as a perpetually morphing mobile wall.”

"(G)host in the (S)hell will weave in and out through the openings in the facade, thus delimiting the space created by the motion of Storefront’s panels. The fencing will fasten the panels in an open position, revealing the gallery as a vulnerable, accessible space, yet simultaneously creating a cage between the gallery and the street. During the daytime, six single swing doors will allow visitors to enter the fenced-off space and then enter the gallery. The gallery will remain open, protected only by the fence, for the entire period of the exhibition."

Sounds sick. Timely, to say the least, and very nicely Subtopian.
I love the thought of just taking places – ordinary or not – and encasing them in strange meshes of urban barrier, giving them their own little tailor made military urbanism, as if to tease out some fortressized projections of themselves, or kind of help expose the spatial egos of a place and how intertwined urban space is now with security. And then just sit back and see how the public responds.


[Image: (G)host in the (S)hell, by Didier Fiuza Faustino, an exhibition at the Storefront for Art and Architecture in NYC, May 13th, 2008.]

Of course, I'd love to see how this turns out. Anything examining interwoven chain link fences and mobile walls has got our interest. I dig how it intends to blur qualities of guarded and ultimately vulnerable space together, and devise a new subversive medium out of the gallery itself – the gallery being a sanctuary of cultural openness and showcase as well as a symbol of optimal public space. The inner/outer nature of the Storefront is the perfect host for this installation.
Should be interesting.
According to the press release, “The installation will also include elements of light, sound and video. Two powerful strobe beacons, normally used in airports, will illuminate the gallery’s interior at night, transforming the inaccessible space into a visual attractor even when the gallery is closed.”
But I wonder, for all those New Yorkers who have walked by that funky art space for years, what will they think when they find that those groovy panels have suddenly become boarded up with heavy duty chain link fencing? Will they assume it’s been taken over by the cops? Was the Storefront the scene of some horrendous crime? Will it appear that the Storefront had finally been publicly condemned? Is it crumbling apart, has it become a safety hazard, is it undergoing intriguing new repairs? How will the passerbys feel about those classic entryways now being converted into some flexible militarized stopgap to appreciating a little art on their lunchbreak? Has the Storefront suddenly allied itself with the anti-homeless brigade in Manhattan illustrating now some new urban tactic to repel vagrants, teenagers, killer pigeons maybe?


[Image: (G)host in the (S)hell, by Didier Fiuza Faustino, an exhibition at the Storefront for Art and Architecture in NYC, May 13th, 2008.]

Paying the gallery a visit this time looks about as easy as passing through an IDF checkpoint in the West Bank. Nevertheless, it is sure to generate some curiosity from the sidewalk.
I had not heard of Faustino before this, but the Storefront’s website says:

“His work questions the relationship between the body and architectural space, investigating ideas of intimacy and desire within the urban environment. Through performance, installation and immersive environments, Faustino explores the body’s potential for action removed from the architectural contexts that define it. That multi-disciplinary practice explores a utopian course where architecture disappears and what remains are rituals, experiences and sequences of action in space.”

As much as (G)host in the (S)hell looks to accentuate the interior curiosity generated by the Storefront’s clever protective skin, I like how it also seems suggestive, either consciously or not, about the evolving identity of the Storefront itself as a radical prism for discussion and exhibition. Does the Storefront, not only architecturally, but even curatorially speaking, require some new form of bodyguard from unforeseen forces now: from mafioso real estate developers, or the good old boys of the architecture establishment? Do these forces find the Storefront threatening? Has the Storefront been threatened? Is this all a sardonic play on the urban fortress that has become Manhattan?
You will have to go yourself to find out how to get inside and see what waits for you there. Got the details right here.

(G)HOST IN THE (S)HELL / DIDIER FIUZA FAUSTINO (in collaboration with his Paris-based practice, Bureau des Mésarchitectures, including Mathieu Herbelin, Cláudia Martinho, Tony Matias, Guillaume Viaud.)

Gallery location:
Storefront for Art and Architecture
97 Kenmare Street, New York, NY 10012
May 13 – June 28, 2008
Gallery hours: Tuesday – Saturday, 11am – 6pm

Opening reception Tuesday 13 May, 7pm

And, for the record, as always, we are not opposed to you letting us know what you think!